Beta blockers

Key points about beta blockers

  • Beta-blockers are a group of medicines that are used to treat a variety of conditions related to your heart such as atrial fibrillation, heart failure and high blood pressure.
  • They are also used for other conditions such as reducing anxiety and preventing migraine headaches.
  • Read about how to take beta blockers and find out about possible side effects.
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Beta-blockers are a group of medicines that slow your heart rate and lower your blood pressure, making it easier for your heart to pump blood. They are used to treat a variety of conditions related to your heart such as:

Beta-blockers are also used for other conditions such as:

  • reducing tremors
  • reducing symptoms of anxiety such as fast heart rate
  • preventing migraine  headaches
  • glaucoma, as beta-blocker eye drops to reduce the pressure in your eye.  

The following animation describes how beta-blockers work in your body.


Video: How do beta blockers work?

(British Heart Foundation, UK, 2018)

There are several beta-blockers and each is a bit different. Your doctor will advise which one is best for you. You can click on the links below to read more about each one. 

Examples of beta blockers

When you first start taking a beta-blocker, your doctor will start you on a low dose then slowly increase it over a few weeks. It can take a while for you to feel better – usually a few months.


Do not suddenly stop taking your beta-blocker

Don't suddenly stop taking your beta-blocker without talking to your doctor first. This can be dangerous and make you feel unwell. If you're taking beta blockers for a heart condition, your symptoms may return. 

If you do need to stop taking a beta-blocker then your doctor may advise a slow reduction in dose.


If you have diabetes

If you have diabetes you need to take extra care to measure your blood glucose levels regularly.

  • Beta-blockers can cause an increase in blood glucose levels, especially when you first start taking them. This effect usually settles with time.
  • Beta-blockers may reduce the warning signs of a low blood sugar level (hypoglycaemia – often called a hypo). For example, you may not have the feeling of fast, irregular or strong heartbeats (palpitations) or tremor, which can occur when your blood glucose is going too low. If you're worried about this, talk to your doctor. Don't stop taking your beta-blocker without checking with your doctor first. Read more about hypoglycaemia.


If you have asthma

If you have asthma, taking a beta-blocker may trigger your asthma symptoms or make them worse. Not everybody with asthma is sensitive to these medicines.

If you're worried about this, talk to your doctor. They may be able to prescribe a different medicine or increase the dose of your asthma preventer medication.

Don't suddenly stop taking your beta-blocker without talking to your doctor first. This can be dangerous and make you feel unwell. Read more about medicines that may trigger asthma symptoms.

Brochures

Medicines and side effects
Healthify He Puna Waiora, NZ, 2024

5 questions to ask about your medications

5 questions to ask about your medications

Health Quality and Safety Commission, NZ, 2019 English, te reo Māori

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Credits: Sandra Ponen, Pharmacist, Healthify He Puna Waiora. Healthify is brought to you by Health Navigator Charitable Trust.

Reviewed by: Stephanie Yee, Pharmacist, Auckland

Last reviewed: